Dual-signal ratiometric platforms: Construction principles and electrochemical biosensing applications at the live cell and small animal levels

Dual-signal ratiometric platforms (DSRPs) have an intrinsic built-in correction to interference from background signals, and show improved accuracy and reliability for target detection. This review summarizes the construction principles of DSRPs with different electric signal transduction modes, and highlights biosensing applications at live cell and small animal levels. Firstly, we discuss construction principles of DSRPs, involving DSRPs with one or two inherent signal sources, target-induced signal changes, signal transduction modes and particular principles. Then, we highlight biosensing applications of DSRPs at live cell and small animal levels, involving various biological targets and samples, sensing mechanisms, biosensing of cell extracts and inherent targets in live cells, biosensing and determination of live cells, biosensing of targets at live small animal level. Finally, challenges and perspectives for construction principles and electrochemical biosensing applications of DSRPs are illustrated. This review promotes the development of current chemo/bio-sensing techniques, intelligent biosensors and electronic devices. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Dual-signal ratiometric platforms (DSRPs) offer built-in correction for background signal interference, leading to improved accuracy and reliability in target detection. This review outlines the construction principles and biosensing applications of DSRPs, emphasizing their utility at live cell and small animal levels.