Fabrication and electrochemical study of [Ru(NH3)6]3+/Nafion modified electrodes for the determination of trace amounts of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ via anodic stripping voltammetry

[Ru(NH3)(6)](3+)/Nafion modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes were fabricated via the drop coating technique and were used for the simultaneous determination of lead (Pb2+), cadmium (Cd2+), and zinc (Zn2+) in trace amounts using anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The amount of [Ru(NH3)(6)](3+) in the coating solution was varied at 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg. The fabricated electrodes were used to detect varying concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn. ASV results showed that as the amount of [Ru(NH3)(6)](3+) was increased, the reduction current of the heavy metals increased as well. The Pearson correlation values obtained for Pb and Cd were close to 1.0, indicating a strong positive linear relationship between the variables. The minimum heavy metal concentration that can be simultaneously detected by the fabricated electrodes is 0.5 ppm.