High prevalence of food insecurity, the adverse impact of COVID-19 in Brazilian favela

Objective: To investigate food insecurity (FI) prevalence in two favelas in Brazil in the early weeks of the social distancing policy, from 27 March 2020 to 1 June 2020. Design: A cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire to elicit information on socio-economic and demographic characteristics, the types of stores visited to buy food, and FI screening. The FI experience was evaluated according to the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Factors associated with moderate or severe FI were investigated using the logistic regression model. Setting: Sao Paulo city, Brazil. Participants: Totally, 909 householders. Results: Eighty-eight per cent of the households included young women working as cleaners or kitchen assistants and in sales services. One-fifth of the participants were involved in the federal cash transfer programme, called Bolsa Familia. There were 92 % households with children. The most frequent experience reported was uncertainty about food acquisition or receiving more (89 %), eating less than one should (64 %), not being able to eat healthy and nutritious food (46 %), and skipping a meal (39 %). Forty-seven per cent of the participants experienced moderate or severe FI. Factors associated with moderate and severe FI were low income, being a Bolsa Familia recipient, having a low level of education and living in a household without children. Conclusions: Half of the participants experienced moderate or severe FI, and almost 10 % experienced hunger. Our data suggest that families with children were at a lower risk of moderate to severe FI. It is possible that nationally established social programmes such as Bolsa Familia were protecting those families.

Automated summary

The study found that nearly half of the participants in two favelas in Sao Paulo, Brazil experienced moderate or severe food insecurity, with nearly 10% even experiencing hunger. Data showed that low income, participation in the Bolsa Familia program, lower education levels, and households without children were factors associated with moderate to severe food insecurity.