期刊
出版社
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015317118
关键词
maternal death; maternal effects; intergenerational effects; maternal condition; maternal grief
资金
- National Evolutionary Synthesis Center
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis
- Princeton Centers for Health and Wellbeing and the Demography of Aging
- Princeton Environmental Institute
This study reveals two pathways through which early maternal death affects offspring fitness, including the challenges faced by offspring while the mother is still alive, and the intergenerational impact of maternal death on offspring survival in the next generation in three primate species.
Primate offspring often depend on their mothers well beyond the age of weaning, and offspring that experience maternal death in early life can suffer substantial reductions in fitness across the life span. Here, we leverage data from eight wild primate populations (seven species) to examine two underappreciated pathways linking early maternal death and offspring fitness that are distinct from direct effects of orphaning on offspring survival. First, we show that, for five of the seven species, offspring face reduced survival during the years immediately preceding maternal death, while the mother is still alive. Second, we identify an intergenerational effect of early maternal loss in three species (muriquis, baboons, and blue monkeys), such that early maternal death experienced in one generation leads to reduced offspring survival in the next. Our results have important implications for the evolution of slow life histories in primates, as they suggest that maternal condition and survival are more important for offspring fitness than previously realized.
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