期刊
PHYTOPATHOLOGY
卷 111, 期 6, 页码 966-981出版社
AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-09-20-0432-R
关键词
climate change; Colletotrichum chrysophilum; C. fioriniae; C. fructicola; C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto; C. henanense; C. noveboracense; C. nymphaeae; C. siamense; disease control and pest management; fungal pathogens; population biology
资金
- Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education program [GNE16-180-32231]
- United States Department of Agriculture-National Institute of Food and Agriculture [PEN04694, 1018736]
- State Horticultural Association of Pennsylvania
- New York Apple Research and Development Program [83268, 86698]
- New York State Specialty Crop Block Grant Program [89379-P001/SCBG 19 006]
- National Science Foundation
Apple growers in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States have reported an increase in losses to bitter rot disease, which is caused by various Colletotrichum species. The study found differences in temperature-dependent growth rates of these species, leading to different distribution patterns in warmer and cooler regions. The survey also showed a correlation between the increase in cultivation of highly susceptible cultivars, like Honeycrisp, and the rise in bitter rot reports.
Apple growers in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States have been reporting an increase in losses to bitter rot of apple and are requesting up-to-date management recommendations. Management is complicated by variations in apple cultivar susceptibility, temperature, rainfall, and biology of the Colletotrichum spp. that cause bitter rot. Over 500 apple fruit with bitter rot were obtained from 38 orchards across the Mid-Atlantic and the causal species were identified as Colletotrichum fioriniae and C. nymphaeae of the C. acutatum species complex and C. chrysophilum, C. noveboracense, C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. henanense, and C. gloeosporioides sensu stricto of the C. gloeosporioides species complex, the latter two being first reports. Species with faster in vitro growth rates at higher temperatures were more abundant in warmer regions of the Mid-Atlantic, while those with slower growth rates at higher temperatures were more abundant in cooler regions. Regional bloom dates are earlier and weather data show a gradual warming trend that likely influenced but was not necessarily the main cause of the recent increase in bitter rot in the region. A grower survey of apple cultivar susceptibility showed high variation, with the increase in acres planted to the highly susceptible cultivar Honeycrisp broadly corresponding to the increase in reports of bitter rot. These results form a basis for future studies on the biology and ecology of the Colletotrichum spp. responsible, and suggest that integrated bitter rot management must begin with selection of less-susceptible apple cultivars.
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