A review of the state-of-the-art nanofluid spray and jet impingement cooling

Nanofluid spray/jet impingement cooling is widespread and finds applications in many scientific and industrial paradigms. Because of these ubiquities of nanofluid spray/jet impingement cooling, this branch of fluid dynamics has attracted great attention from the scientific community. The performance of nanofluid spray/jet impingement cooling very often depends on the nanoparticle concentration, shape, and size of the nanoparticle, as well as the mass flow rate of the nanofluid. These aspects lead to interesting variants of the thermo-hydrodynamic analysis of the nanofluid, which are studied meticulously, and some new functionalities are established such as high heat flux removal capacity, temperature uniformity, lower flow rate demand, and no thermal resistance to the heated test surface. We provide an overview of nanofluid spray/jet impingement cooling with an emphasis on the parametric effects, such as the Reynolds number, jet to test surface distance, the Prandtl number, the confinement of the jets, test plate inclination, and the roughness of the test surface, on the underlying phenomenon. Also, we aptly discuss the essential features of the nanofluid spray/jet impingement cooling, which includes spray properties, cooling fluid properties, substrate properties, and environmental conditions, which affect the heat transfer of spray cooling.