Influence of anomalous low-level circulation on the Kuroshio in the Luzon Strait during ENSO

Basin-scale wind curl anomalies in the North Pacific associated with El Nino increase westward Kuroshio transport in the Luzon Strait, whereas those associated with La Nina reduce it. However, the Kuroshio current in the Luzon Strait is further affected by mesoscale eddies and local wind stress. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate that the anomalous low-level circulation over the Philippine sea during El Nino weakens the northeasterly monsoon and favors the development of mesoscale eddies at the same time. This is caused by the increased baroclinic instability in the Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC)/North Equatorial Current region. Our results are supported by the long-term observational data. Consequently, the Kuroshio pattern in the Luzon Strait during El Nino tends to be more unsteady. During La Nina, the Kuroshio loop is enhanced in response to strengthened northeasterly winds. Furthermore, vorticity stretching, caused by local wind stress and associated curl anomalies during La Nina, contributes to the formation of a cyclonic eddy off the southeastern Taiwan.

Automated summary

The study shows that during El Nino, anomalous low-level circulation over the Philippine Sea strengthens the formation of mesoscale eddies, making the Kuroshio pattern in the Luzon Strait more unstable; while during La Nina, local wind stress and associated curl anomalies contribute to the formation of cyclonic eddies.