Laboratory investigation on hydraulic performance of enlarged pile head breakwater

Coastal erosion of beaches has been a common problem around the world. One of the eco-friendly control measures for coastal erosion is to dissipate the energy of waves impinging on the shores by constructing offshore breakwater. Pile breakwater is one such type of offshore breakwater that consists of a number of closely spaced piles. Construction of piles at closer spacing is highly challenging and expensive. This problem can be addressed by reducing the number of piles and modifying the pile with an enlarged head in the vicinity of the water surface, where wave energy is concentrated. In the present study, an experimental investigation on the hydraulic performance of enlarged pile head breakwater is conducted in a wave flume. The concept breakwater is subjected to monochromatic waves of varying wave heights, wave periods and water depth. The experimental results show that the least value of transmission coefficient is 0.62 and reflection coefficient is 0.123 with the highest value of dissipation coefficient of 0.77 for the structural configuration of b/D ratio of 0.2, D/H(m)(ax)( )of 0.6 and Y/H-max of 1.0 at a water depth of 0.3 m. Observed results are encouraging and are in line with the similar type of pile breakwaters in a single row. The present experimental data is also validated with the available theoretical solutions. Since the results from the compared theoretical solution are not in good agreement, a hybrid theoretical model is reconstructed based on experimental results of pile head breakwater. The proposed modified version of the hybrid equation predicts encouragingly better transmission, reflection and dissipation coefficient than the existing solutions. Moreover, the results predicted by the proposed hybrid equation are in good agreement with that of other similar pile breakwater models.