期刊
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
卷 230, 期 1, 页码 341-353出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.17145
关键词
coevolution; counter adaptation; egg deposition; hypersensitive response; induced plant defences; plant toxins; specialist herbivores
资金
- Dutch Research Council (NWO) (NWO/TTW VIDI) [14854]
The study found that in the Brassicaceae family, some species have a trait of specifically killing Pieridae butterfly eggs, which is mainly induced in species of the Brassiceae tribe. These Brassicaceae plants effectively kill eggs by inducing HR-like necrosis, leading to a new defense mechanism in the evolutionary arms-race between plants and insects, beyond the well-studied plant toxins.
Evolutionary arms-races between plants and insect herbivores have long been proposed to generate key innovations such as plant toxins and detoxification mechanisms that can drive diversification of the interacting species. A novel front-line of plant defence is the killing of herbivorous insect eggs. We test whether an egg-killing plant trait has an evolutionary basis in such a plant-insect arms-race. Within the crucifer family (Brassicaceae), some species express a hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis underneath butterfly eggs (Pieridae) that leads to eggs desiccating or falling off the plant. We studied the phylogenetic distribution of this trait, its egg-killing effect on and elicitation by butterflies, by screening 31 Brassicales species, and nine Pieridae species. We show a clade-specific induction of strong, egg-killing HR-like necrosis mainly in species of the Brassiceae tribe including Brassica crops and close relatives. The necrosis is strongly elicited by pierid butterflies that are specialists of crucifers. Furthermore, HR-like necrosis is linked to PR1 defence gene expression, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell death, eventually leading to egg-killing. Our findings suggest that the plants' egg-killing trait is a new front on the evolutionary arms-race between Brassicaceae and pierid butterflies beyond the well-studied plant toxins that have evolved against their caterpillars.
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