期刊
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
卷 182, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108377
关键词
Norepinephrine; Monkeys; Free exploration; Saliency map; Priority map
资金
- French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-14-CE13-0005-1]
- NEURODIS Foundation
- Lyon University within the program Investissements d'Avenir [ANR-11-LABX-0042, ANR-11-IDEX-0007]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Marie Curie Actions) [MSCA-IF-2016-746,154]
- MIUR (Departments of Excellence DM) [262]
- chair INSERMUCBL1
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-14-CE13-0005] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
The study used NE reuptake inhibitors to conduct experiments on monkeys, and found that NE regulates attentional orienting, affecting the impact of low-level visual salience on attentional orientation during free viewing of images.
Visuo-spatial attentional orienting is fundamental to selectively process behaviorally relevant information, depending on both low-level visual attributes of stimuli in the environment and higher-level factors, such as goals, expectations and prior knowledge. Growing evidence suggests an impact of the locus-coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system in attentional orienting that depends on taskcontext. Nonetheless, most of previous studies used visual displays encompassing a target and various distractors, often preceded by cues to orient the attentional focus. This emphasizes the contribution of goal-driven processes, at the expense of other factors related to the stimulus content. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of NE on attentional orienting in more naturalistic conditions, using complex images and without any explicit task manipulation. We tested the effects of atomoxetine (ATX) injections, a NE reuptake inhibitor, on four monkeys during free viewing of images belonging to three categories: landscapes, monkey faces and scrambled images. Analyses of the gaze exploration patterns revealed, first, that the monkeys spent more time on each fixation under ATX compared to the control condition, regard less of the image content. Second, we found that, depending on the image content, ATX modulated the impact of low-level visual salience on attentional orienting. This effect correlated with the effect of ATX on the number and duration of fixations. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ATX adjusts the contribution of salience on attentional orienting depending on the image content, indicative of its role in balancing the role of stimulusdriven and top-down control during free viewing of complex stimuli.
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