Dietary Antioxidants and the Risk of Parkinson Disease The Swedish National March Cohort

Objective To determine whether high baseline dietary antioxidants and total nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease (PD) in men and women, we prospectively studied 43,865 men and women from a large Swedish cohort. Methods In the Swedish National March Cohort, 43,865 men and women aged 18-94 years were followed through record linkages to National Health Registries from 1997 until 2016. Baseline dietary vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene intake, as well as NEAC, were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire collected at baseline. All exposure variables were adjusted for energy intake and categorized into tertiles. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PD. Results After a mean follow-up time of 17.6 years, we detected 465 incidence cases of PD. In the multivariable adjusted model, dietary vitamin E (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52-0.90; p for trend 0.005) and vitamin C (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.52-0.89; p for trend 0.004) were inversely associated with the risk of PD when comparing participants in the highest vs the lowest tertiles of exposure. No association was found with estimated intake of dietary beta-carotene or NEAC. Conclusion Our findings suggest that dietary vitamin E and C intake might be inversely associated with the risk of PD. No association was found with dietary beta-carotene or NEAC. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class III evidence that dietary vitamin E and C intake are inversely associated with the risk of PD.

Automated summary

This study found that dietary intake of vitamin E and C may be inversely associated with the risk of Parkinson disease, while there was no association found with dietary beta-carotene or NEAC. It provides Class III evidence for the inverse association between dietary vitamin E and C intake and the risk of PD.