Naturalizing mouse models for immunology

Laboratory mice have provided invaluable insight into mammalian immune systems. Yet the immune phenotypes of mice bred and maintained in conventional laboratory conditions often differ from the immune phenotypes of wild mammals. Recent work to naturalize the environmental experience of inbred laboratory mice-to take them where the wild things are (to borrow a phrase from Maurice Sendak), via approaches such as construction of exposure histories, provision of fecal transplants or surrogate mothering by wild mice, and rewilding-is poised to expand understanding, complementing genetic and phylogenetic research on how natural selection has shaped mammalian immune systems while improving the translational potential of mouse research. Animal models provide invaluable insights into the functioning of the immune system; however, they have their limitations. In a Perspective, Andrea Graham argues that using a more naturalized biotic and abiotic setting can help capture a more accurate picture of the immune system.

Automated summary

Laboratory mice provide valuable insights into mammalian immune systems, but their immune phenotypes often differ from wild mammals. Recent efforts to naturalize the environment of inbred mice are poised to enhance understanding of natural selection's impact on immune systems.