期刊
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
卷 502, 期 2, 页码 2438-2445出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab122
关键词
dust; extinction; ISM: evolution
资金
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- European Research Council (ERC) [851622]
- ERC grant SNDUST ERC-2015-AdG [694520]
- STFC [ST/S00033X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- European Research Council (ERC) [694520] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
In the diffuse interstellar medium, small grains grow by efficiently accreting positively charged ions until they become positively charged and growth is halted. Gas-phase depletions are significantly overestimated when assuming a constant grain size distribution under diffuse ISM conditions.
Grain growth by accretion of gas-phase metals is a common assumption in models of dust evolution, but in dense gas, where the time-scale is short enough for accretion to be effective, material is accreted in the form of ice mantles rather than adding to the refractory grain mass. It has been suggested that negatively charged small grains in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) can accrete efficiently due to the Coulomb attraction of positively-charged ions, avoiding this issue. We show that this inevitably results in the growth of the small-grain radii until they become positively charged, at which point further growth is effectively halted. The resulting gas-phase depletions under diffuse ISM conditions are significantly overestimated when a constant grain size distribution is assumed. While observed depletions can be reproduced by changing the initial size distribution or assuming highly efficient grain shattering, both options result in unrealistic levels of far-ultraviolet extinction. We suggest that the observed elemental depletions in the diffuse ISM are better explained by higher initial depletions, combined with inefficient dust destruction by supernovae at moderate (n(H) similar to 30 cm(-3)) densities, rather than by higher accretion efficiences.
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