期刊
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
卷 30, 期 3, 页码 718-735出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/mec.15752
关键词
Bombus terrestris; caste determination; caste‐ associated gene expression; eusociality; larval development; mRNA‐ seq
资金
- UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/M001482/1]
- UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/L006758/1, NE/R000875/1]
- BBSRC [BB/M001482/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- NERC [NE/R000875/1, NE/L006758/1] Funding Source: UKRI
The caste system in eusocial insects like honeybees represents a prime example of developmental polyphenism, playing a crucial role in the evolution of advanced eusociality. By analyzing gene expression in female larvae of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris, researchers found differences in gene expression peak after the queen-dependent period, with relatively few novel genes expressed between castes. Moreover, comparisons with genes from the honeybee Apis mellifera revealed low levels of overlap, indicating divergence in caste-associated genes between these two species since their last common eusocial ancestor.
The queen-worker caste system of eusocial insects represents a prime example of developmental polyphenism (environmentally-induced phenotypic polymorphism) and is intrinsic to the evolution of advanced eusociality. However, the comparative molecular basis of larval caste determination and subsequent differentiation in the eusocial Hymenoptera remains poorly known. To address this issue within bees, we profiled caste-associated gene expression in female larvae of the intermediately eusocial bumblebee Bombus terrestris. In B. terrestris, female larvae experience a queen-dependent period during which their caste fate as adults is determined followed by a nutrition-sensitive period also potentially affecting caste fate but for which the evidence is weaker. We used mRNA-seq and qRT-PCR validation to isolate genes differentially expressed between each caste pathway in larvae at developmental stages before and after each of these periods. We show that differences in gene expression between caste pathways are small in totipotent larvae, then peak after the queen-dependent period. Relatively few novel (i.e., taxonomically-restricted) genes were differentially expressed between castes, though novel genes were significantly enriched in late-instar larvae in the worker pathway. We compared sets of caste-associated genes in B. terrestris with those reported from the advanced eusocial honeybee, Apis mellifera, and found significant but relatively low levels of overlap of gene lists between the two species. These results suggest both the existence of low numbers of shared toolkit genes and substantial divergence in caste-associated genes between Bombus and the advanced eusocial Apis since their last common eusocial ancestor.
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