期刊
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
卷 38, 期 4, 页码 1529-1536出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa313
关键词
Balti; Tibetan; admixture; genome; mtDNA; X chromosome
资金
- Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA20040100, XDA20090000]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31621062]
- Bureau of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province
- Chinese Academy of Sciences President's International Fellowship Initiative
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Chinese Academy of Sciences
The genetic impact of Tibetans on Balti people in Baltistan, Pakistan was explored through genome sequencing, showing that they possess 22.6-26% Tibetan ancestry. Analysis indicated that both ancient Tibetan males and females were involved in dispersal, suggesting a dominant cultural impact of the Tibetan Empire on Baltistan.
The rise and expansion of Tibetan Empire in the 7th to 9th centuries AD affected the course of history across East Eurasia, but the genetic impact of Tibetans on surrounding populations remains undefined. We sequenced 60 genomes for four populations from Pakistan and Tajikistan to explore their demographic history. We showed that the genomes of Balti people from Baltistan comprised 22.6-26% Tibetan ancestry. We inferred a single admixture event and dated it to about 39-21 generations ago, a period that postdated the conquest of Baltistan by the ancient Tibetan Empire. The analyses of mitochondrial DNA, Y, and X chromosome data indicated that both ancient Tibetan males and females were involved in the male-biased dispersal. Given the fact that the Balti people adopted Tibetan language and culture in history, our study suggested the impact of Tibetan Empire on Baltistan involved dominant cultural and minor demic diffusion.
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