Advanced materials-integrated electrochemical sensors as promising medical diagnostics tools: A review

Electrochemical sensors have increasingly been linked with terms as modern biomedically effective highly selective and sensitive devices, wearable and wireless technology, portable electronics, smart textiles, energy storage, communication and user-friendly operating systems. The work brings the overview of the current advanced materials and their application strategies for improving performance, miniaturization and portability of sensing devices. It provides the extensive information on recently developed (bio)sensing platforms based on voltammetric, amperometric, potentiometric and impedimetric detection modes including portable, noninvasive, wireless, and self-driven miniaturized devices for monitoring human and animal health. Diagnostics of selected free radical precursors, low molecular biomarkers, nucleic acids and protein-based biomarkers, bacteria and viruses of today's interest is demonstrated.

Automated summary

This work presents the increasing connection between electrochemical sensors and various modern applications, emphasizing the use of advanced materials to enhance performance, miniaturization, and portability of sensing devices. It provides an overview of recent developments in (bio)sensing platforms using different detection modes, including portable, noninvasive, wireless, and self-driven devices for health monitoring purposes. The diagnostics of selected biomarkers, bacteria, and viruses are demonstrated as well.