An optimized b-value distribution for triexponential intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) in the liver

Purpose To find an optimized b-value distribution for reproducible triexponential intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) exams in the liver. Methods A numeric optimization of b-value distributions was performed using the triexponential IVIM equation and 27 different IVIM parameter sets. Starting with an initially optimized distribution of 6 b-values, the number of b-values was increased stepwise. Each new b-value was chosen from a set of 64 predefined b-values based on the computed summed relative mean error of the fitted triexponential IVIM parameters. This process was repeated for up to 100 b-values. In simulations and in vivo measurements, optimized b-value distributions were compared to 4 representative distributions found in literature. Results The first 16 optimized b-values were 0, 0.3, 0.3, 70, 200, 800, 70, 1, 3.5, 5, 70, 1.2, 6, 45, 1.5, and 60 in units of s/mm(2). Low b-values were much more frequent than high b-values. The optimized b-value distribution resulted in a higher fit stability compared to distributions used in literature in both, simulation and in vivo measurements. Using more than 6 b-values, ideally 16 or more, increased the fit stability considerably. Conclusion Using optimized b-values, the fit uncertainty in triexponential IVIM can be largely reduced. Ideally, 16 or more b-values should be acquired.

Automated summary

The study aimed to find an optimized b-value distribution for reproducible triexponential IVIM exams in the liver. The optimized b-value distribution resulted in higher fit stability compared to distributions used in literature, both in simulation and in vivo measurements. Using more than 6 b-values, ideally 16 or more, increased fit stability considerably in triexponential IVIM exams.