Rapid characterization of Schisandra species by using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry

Direct analysis in real time ionization source coupled with quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry (DART-Q-Orbitrap MS) was applied to analyze the Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) and Schisandra sphenanthera (S. sphenanthera) samples. The experimental condition including the ionization gas and gas temperature were optimized to obtain the best performance. The DART-MS analysis was operated using helium at 250 degrees C. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was conducted based on the DART-MS data to explore the differences between S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera samples. The clear separation between groups was observed in the PLS-DA score plot, indicating the chemome diversity of these two samples. Then 8 compounds that contribute most to the sample classification were selected and annotated, and the intensity change tendency of these compounds was similar to that obtained by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Besides, these two species can also be discriminated by examining the existence of the compound anwulignan at m/z 328.1656 in this study. Our results show that DART-MS is a powerful analytical tool with the merit of rapid analysis speed, easy to handle, low consumption of organic solvent, and has the great potential for rapid detection and discrimination of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera. It is expected that the established method could provide a rapid, reliable method for the quality assessment of Schisandra species, and expand this method to the analysis of other herbal medicines. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

In this study, DART-Q-Orbitrap MS was utilized to analyze S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera samples, and differences between the two species were explored through partial least squares discriminant analysis based on the DART-MS data. Eight compounds contributing most to the sample classification were successfully selected and annotated, and the existence of the compound anwulignan at m/z 328.1656 was found to help differentiate between the two species. This study demonstrates the potential of DART-MS as a powerful analytical tool for rapid detection and discrimination of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, with applications in the quality assessment of Schisandra species and possibly other herbal medicines.