Chemical characterization, antioxidant, antibacterial and enzyme inhibitory properties of Canthium coromandelicum, a valuable source for bioactive compounds

The present study aimed at chemical characterization of Canthium coromandelicum leaf extracts (CCLE) and their in vitro pharmacological (antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and antibacterial) activities. Chemical characterization includes chemical profile of six extracts of CC by Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and total phenolics and flavonoids by spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity was determined using eight assays. Enzymatic inhibitory property was evaluated by alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory assays and antibacterial activity was studied against 10 pathogenic bacteria by agar disc diffusion method. GC-MS analysis enabled the identification of 65 compounds with palmitic acid, n-pentacosane, cycloartenol, linoleic acid, squalene, gamma-sitosterol, nonacosane and alpha-tocopherol as major constituents of CCLE. Highest amount of total phenolics (58.03 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (44.40 QE/g) was present in hydroalcoholic extract. Hydroalcoholic, methanolic and aqueous extracts showed significant free radical scavenging abilities and positive correlation was detected between antioxidant assays with recorded phenolics and flavonoids. Hydroalcoholic and methanolic extracts exhibited significant alpha-amylase (IC50 of 44.25 mu g/mL) and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50 of 30.82 mu g/mL) respectively.Methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts at 750 mu g/mL showed maximum antibacterial activity against S. typhi and S. flexneri respectively. Also, significant correlation was found between V. cholerae and R. equi as well as V. cholerae and S. epidermis. To conclude, C. coromandelicum could be considered as a natural antioxidant and potential source for therapeutic applications. However, widespread study is necessary to screen the role of recorded phytochemicals through in vivo studies to support its use in traditional medicine. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

The study aimed at characterizing the chemical profile of Canthium coromandelicum leaf extracts and evaluating their antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, and antibacterial activities. The extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, with the hydroalcoholic extract showing the highest content of total phenolics and flavonoids. Additionally, the methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts demonstrated potent antibacterial effects against certain pathogenic bacteria.