期刊
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
卷 41, 期 5, 页码 883-890出版社
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1648-20.2020
关键词
single-neuron; human memory; hippocampus; amygdala; entorhinal cortex; episodic memory
资金
- National Institutes of Health [R01 MH110831, U01NS117839, P50MH094258]
- National Science Foundation [BCS-1554105]
- McKnight Foundation for Neuroscience
- Swiss National Science Foundation [SNSF 320030_176222]
- Volkswagen Foundation
- German Ministry of Education and Research [BMBF 031L0197B]
- German Research Council DFG [MO 930/8-1, MO 930/4-2, SFB 1089]
- [ANR-18-CE37-0007-01 AI-REPS]
Recordings from neurons in humans implanted with electrodes reveal the existence of different types of cells related to memory, including those encoding selective and invariant representations of abstract concepts, and memory-selective cells associated with familiarity and episodic retrieval. Insights derived from observing these cells include the activation of semantic representations before episodic representations, the segregation of memory content and memory strength, and the relationship between cell activity and subjective awareness in declarative memory.
Deciphering the mechanisms of human memory is a central goal of neuroscience, both from the point of view of the fundamental biology of memory and for its translational relevance. Here, we review some contributions that recordings from neurons in humans implanted with electrodes for clinical purposes have made toward this goal. Recordings from the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, reveal the existence of two classes of cells: those encoding highly selective and invariant representations of abstract concepts, and memory-selective cells whose activity is related to familiarity and episodic retrieval. Insights derived from observing these cells in behaving humans include that semantic representations are activated before episodic representations, that memory content and memory strength are segregated, and that the activity of both types of cells is related to subjective awareness as expected from a substrate for declarative memory. Visually selective cells can remain persistently active for several seconds, thereby revealing a cellular substrate for working memory in humans. An over-arching insight is that the neural code of human memory is interpretable at the single-neuron level. Jointly, intracranial recording studies are starting to reveal aspects of the building blocks of human memory at the single-cell level. This work establishes a bridge to cellular-level work in animals on the one hand, and the extensive literature on noninvasive imaging in humans on the other hand. More broadly, this work is a step toward a detailed mechanistic understanding of human memory that is needed to develop therapies for human memory disorders.
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