Microfluidic chip fabrication and performance analysis of 3D printed material for use in microfluidic nucleic acid amplification applications

Additive manufacturing for microfluidics shows potential to boost research and development in research biology and molecular diagnostics. This paper reports on novel process and material optimisation techniques in the creation of a monolithic microfluidic chip geometry for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) thermocycling using stereolithography (SLA). A two-stage printing protocol with projection SLA is assessed in printing disposable oscillating-flow microfluidic cartridges for PCR. Print performance was characterized in terms of critical channel dimensions and surface quality. Post-treatment with ultraviolet light and solvent washes was shown to reduce PCR inhibiting residuals and facilitate the reaction, indicating material compatibility for fluidic and milli-fluidic PCR architectures. Residuals leaching from the polymer were shown via quantitative PCR that interact with enzyme activity. Passivation of channel surfaces with a polyethylene glycol and a silane static coating reduced the leaching interface improving overall PCR efficiency. The discussed protocols can serve as a low-cost alternative to clean-room and micromachined microfluidic prototypes for various microfluidic concepts.

Automated summary

Additive manufacturing for microfluidics has the potential to enhance research in biotechnology and molecular diagnostics. This paper presents novel techniques for creating monolithic microfluidic chip geometry for PCR thermocycling using stereolithography. A two-stage printing protocol with projection SLA was used to print disposable oscillating-flow microfluidic cartridges for PCR, showing promising results in terms of print performance and material compatibility. Post-treatment steps such as UV light exposure and solvent washes were effective in reducing PCR inhibiting residuals and improving reaction facilitation.