期刊
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
卷 400, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123237
关键词
Amphibians; Nanotoxicity; Feeding; Avoidance behavior; Biomarkers
资金
- Portuguese National Funds, FEDER funds within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020-Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the strategic programme [UIDB/50017/2020 + UIDP/50017/2020, PTDC/BIA-BIC/3488/2012, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030718, PTDC/AAG-MAA/2140/2012]
- Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) [001268/2015-05]
- PhD program Biology and Ecology of Global Change from the Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal - FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I.P. [57/2016]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/BIA-BIC/3488/2012, PTDC/AAG-MAA/2140/2012] Funding Source: FCT
Gold nanorods (AuNR) have been explored for many applications, including innovative nanomedicines, which also might contribute to its increase in the environment, namely due to inadequate disposable of wastes into aquatic environments. Early-life stages of amphibians are usually aquatic and sensitive to chemical contamination. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the sublethal effects of CTAB functionalized AuNR on Xenopus laevis tadpoles. As such, tadpoles were exposed to serial concentrations of AuNR for 72 h. A reduction in the rate of feeding (EC50 = 4 mu g.L-1), snout to vent growth (EC50 = 5 mu g.L-1) and weight gain (EC50 = 6 mu g.L-1), was observed for AuNR-exposed tadpoles. Also, tadpoles actively avoided concentrations >= 4 mu g.L-1 of AuNR, after 12 h of exposure. At the biochemical level, AuNR caused impairments in antioxidant and nervous system related enzymes. Exposure to CTAB alone caused a high mortality. Results indicated that CTAB functionalized AuNR may induce several sublethal effects that may compromise the organism's fitness. Avoidance behavior (which corresponds to the disappearance of organisms, thus, similar to their death), observed at concentrations matching those inducing sublethal effects, suggest that it should be considered in the risk assessment for amphibians.
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