4.7 Article

Maize transcription factor ZmBES1/BZR1-5 positively regulates kernel size

期刊

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
卷 72, 期 5, 页码 1714-1726

出版社

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa544

关键词

Brassinosteroids; ChIP-seq; kernel development; transcription factor; Zea mays; ZmBES1/BZR1-5

资金

  1. National Nature Science Foundation of China [32001552]
  2. Sichuan Science and Technology Program [2018JY0470]
  3. National Key Science and Technology Special Project [2016ZX08003004-005]
  4. China Scholarship Council [CSC201906910056]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

The study reveals that ZmBES1/BZR1-5 positively regulates kernel size in maize by interacting with specific genes and binding to their promoters. Multiple experiments provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of kernel development in maize.
The BES1/BZR1 transcription factors regulate the expression of genes responsive to brassinosteroids and play pivotal roles in plant development, but their role in regulating kernel development in maize remains unclear. In this study, we found that ZmBES1/BZR1-5 positively regulates kernel size. Association analysis of candidate genes in 513 diverse maize inbred lines indicated that three SNPs related to ZmBES1/BZR1-5 were significantly associated with kernel width and whilst four SNPs were related to 100-kernel weight. Overexpression of ZmBES1/BZR1-5 in Arabidopsis and rice both significantly increased seed size and weight, and smaller kernels were produced in maize Mu transposon insertion and EMS mutants. The ZmBES1/BZR1-5 protein locates in the nucleus, contains bHLH and BAM domains, and shows no transcriptional activity as a monomer but forms a homodimer through the BAM domain. ChIP-sequencing analysis, and yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that the protein binds to the promoters of AP2/EREBP genes (Zm00001d010676 and Zm00001d032077) and inhibits their transcription. cDNA library screening showed that ZmBES1/BZR1-5 interacts with casein kinase II subunit beta 4 (ZmCKII beta 4) and ferredoxin 2 (ZmFdx2) in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Taken together, our study suggests that ZmBES1/BZR1-5 positively regulates kernel size, and provides new insights into understanding the mechanisms of kernel development in maize.

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