Extracellular vesicles and female reproduction

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane bound complexes that have been identified as a mean for intercellular communication between cells and tissues both in physiological and pathological conditions. These vesicles contain numerous molecules involved in signal transduction including microRNAs, mRNAs, DNA, proteins, lipids, and cytokines and can affect the behavior of recipient cells. Female reproduction is dependent on extremely fine-tuned endocrine regulation, and EVs may represent an added layer that contributes to this regulation. This narrative review article provides an update on the research of the role of EVs in female reproduction including folliculogenesis, fertilization, embryo quality, and implantation. We also highlight potential pitfalls in typical EV studies and discuss gaps in the current literature.

Automated summary

Extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in intercellular communication and contain a variety of molecules that can influence recipient cells. In female reproduction, these vesicles may have significant impacts on folliculogenesis, fertilization, embryo quality, and implantation. Further research is needed to address potential pitfalls and gaps in the current literature regarding the role of EVs in female reproduction.