Phenolic and Steroidal Metabolites from the Cultivated Edible Inonotus hispidus Mushroom and Their Bioactivities

A chemical study on the fruiting bodies of cultivated edible mushroom Inonotus hispidus resulted in 14 metabolites including three new hispolon congeners, named inonophenols A-B and one new lanostane triterpenoid, named inonoterpene A. These structures were identified by NMR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data analysis. All metabolites were assessed for neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activities. Among them, inonophenols B and C were the most active in promoting PC-12 cell neurite outgrowth at a concentration of 10 mu M. The phenolic derivatives reduced NO generation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells by suppressing the expression of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and the nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-kappa B) signaling pathway as well as the inflammatory mediators including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Moreover, the phenolics showed antioxidant effects in DPPH scavenging assay with the IC50 values of 9.82-21.43 mu M. These findings showed that I. hispidus may be a new source of neurotrophic and protective agents against neurodegenerative disorders.

Automated summary

The chemical study on the fruiting bodies of cultivated edible mushroom Inonotus hispidus identified 14 metabolites, including three new hispolon congeners and one new lanostane triterpenoid. These compounds showed neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative activities, with inonophenols B and C being the most effective in promoting neuronal cell growth. The findings suggest that Inonotus hispidus may be a potential source of neurotrophic and protective agents against neurodegenerative disorders.