GLP-1 receptor agonist promotes brown remodelling in mouse white adipose tissue through SIRT1

Accumulating evidence has revealed the significant role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in weight loss. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) plays a vital role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the contribution of lipolytic and oxidative changes in white adipose tissue (WAT) to the weight-lowering effect induced by the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exenatide (exendin-4) in mice. We also looked at the role of SIRT1 in this process. C57BL/6J mice and Sirt1 (+/-) mice were treated with exenatide (24 nmol/kg) or an NaCl solution (154 mmol/l) control i.p. for 8 weeks while receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) after a 12 week HFD challenge. Systemic phenotypic evaluations were carried out during and after the intervention. A lentivirus-mediated short hairpin (sh)RNA vector of the Sirt1 gene was transfected into differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. An in vitro model system used adipocytes induced from Sirt1-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Exenatide reduced fat mass and enhanced the lipolytic and oxidative capacity of WAT in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. However, these effects were significantly impaired in Sirt1 (+/-) mice compared with wild-type controls. In vitro, exendin-4 increased lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation by upregulating SIRT1 expression and activity in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conversely, RNA interference (i)-induced knockdown of SIRT1 attenuated the lipolytic and oxidative responses to exendin-4 in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Again, these responses were entirely abolished in Sirt1-null MEFs after induction into adipocytes. These data highlight that a GLP-1R agonist promotes brown remodelling of WAT in a SIRT1-dependent manner; this might be one of the mechanisms underlying its effect on weight loss.