4.5 Article

Appetite disinhibition rather than hunger explains genetic effects on adult BMI trajectory

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
卷 45, 期 4, 页码 758-765

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SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00735-9

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资金

  1. British Heart Foundation [PG/11/63/29011, RG/13/2/30098, RG/16/11/32334]
  2. UK Medical Research Council [K013351, R024227, S011676, MC_UU_12015/1]
  3. US National Institute on Aging [R01AG056477, R01AG034454]
  4. US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [R01HL036310]
  5. Economic and Social Research Council [ES/T014377/1]
  6. ESRC [ES/R008930/1, ES/T014377/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  7. MRC [MC_UU_12015/1, MR/R024227/1, MC_UU_00006/1] Funding Source: UKRI

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The study reveals that in mid-adult life, appetite disinhibition is associated with higher BMI and accounts for 34% of genetically-linked BMI differences. Hunger is also linked to higher BMI and slightly steeper weight gain, but does not attenuate the impact of disinhibition.
Background/objectives The mediating role of eating behaviors in genetic susceptibility to weight gain during mid-adult life is not fully understood. This longitudinal study aims to help us understand contributions of genetic susceptibility and appetite to weight gain. Subjects/methods We followed the body-mass index (BMI) trajectories of 2464 adults from 45 to 65 years of age by measuring weight and height on four occasions at 5-year intervals. Genetic risk of obesity (gene risk score: GRS) was ascertained, comprising 92 BMI-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms and split at a median (=high and low risk). At the baseline, the Eating Inventory was used to assess appetite-related traits of 'disinhibition', indicative of opportunistic eating or overeating and 'hunger' which is susceptibility to/ability to cope with the sensation of hunger. Roles of the GRS and two appetite-related scores for BMI trajectories were examined using a mixed model adjusted for the cohort effect and sex. Results Disinhibition was associated with higher BMI (beta = 2.96; 95% CI: 2.66-3.25 kg/m(2)), and accounted for 34% of the genetically-linked BMI difference at age 45. Hunger was also associated with higher BMI (beta = 1.20; 0.82-1.59 kg/m(2)) during mid-life and slightly steeper weight gain, but did not attenuate the effect of disinhibition. Conclusions Appetite disinhibition is most likely to be a defining characteristic of genetic susceptibility to obesity. High levels of appetite disinhibition, rather than hunger, may underlie genetic vulnerability to obesogenic environments in two-thirds of the population of European ancestry.

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