期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020778
关键词
Cannabis; phytocannabinoids (THC and CBD); terpenes; multitarget; receptors
Cannabis sativa L. is a valuable source of chemical compounds with pharmacological activity, primarily acting on receptors of the endocannabinoid system and other receptors to exhibit therapeutic effects. The synergistic actions of phytochemicals in Cannabis extracts enhance their bioavailability and penetration through the blood-brain barrier, contributing to their clinical use in treating various diseases.
Cannabis sativa L. turned out to be a valuable source of chemical compounds of various structures, showing pharmacological activity. The most important groups of compounds include phytocannabinoids and terpenes. The pharmacological activity of Cannabis (in epilepsy, sclerosis multiplex (SM), vomiting and nausea, pain, appetite loss, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia, glaucoma, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)), which has been proven so far, results from the affinity of these compounds predominantly for the receptors of the endocannabinoid system (the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), type two (CB2), and the G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR(55))) but, also, for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), glycine receptors, serotonin receptors (5-HT), transient receptor potential channels (TRP), and GPR, opioid receptors. The synergism of action of phytochemicals present in Cannabis sp. raw material is also expressed in their increased bioavailability and penetration through the blood-brain barrier. This review provides an overview of phytochemistry and pharmacology of compounds present in Cannabis extracts in the context of the current knowledge about their synergistic actions and the implications of clinical use in the treatment of selected diseases.
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