期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010268
关键词
hypoxia; HIF-1 alpha; HIF-2 alpha; posttranslational modifications; phosphorylation; cysteine phosphorylation; methylation; acetylation; ubiquitination; sumoylation; S-nitrosylation; signalling
资金
- MRC DiMeN studentship
- BBSRC
- Academy of Finland [SA296027]
- Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation
- Finnish Cancer Foundation
- Sigrid Juselius Foundation
- University of Oulu
- Biocenter Oulu
The hypoxia signaling pathway allows cells to adapt to decreased oxygen availability, with HIF transcription factors playing a crucial role in inducing the expression of hypoxia-regulated genes. In addition to hydroxylation, other post-translational modifications of HIF also play a crucial role in altering its localization, stability, and activity.
The hypoxia signalling pathway enables adaptation of cells to decreased oxygen availability. When oxygen becomes limiting, the central transcription factors of the pathway, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), are stabilised and activated to induce the expression of hypoxia-regulated genes, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Whilst hydroxylation has been thoroughly described as the major and canonical modification of the HIF-alpha subunits, regulating both HIF stability and activity, a range of other post-translational modifications decorating the entire protein play also a crucial role in altering HIF localisation, stability, and activity. These modifications, their conservation throughout evolution, and their effects on HIF-dependent signalling are discussed in this review.
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