期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010075
关键词
LAG-3; immune checkpoint; immunotherapy; diagnosis; cancer; oncology
资金
- Belgian Foundation against Cancer
- Kom op tegen Kanker (Stand-up to Cancer)
- Flemish cancer society
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-V) [1501019N, I001618N]
- Emmanuel Vanderscheuren award
- FWO [1S24218N]
Blockade of immune checkpoints has advanced immuno-oncology, but not all patients benefit. Research on alternative pathways like LAG-3 shows promise as therapeutic targets. Monitoring LAG-3 expression in tumors is crucial for ongoing clinical trials.
The blockade of immune checkpoints (ICPs), such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), has propelled the field of immuno-oncology into its current era. Drugs targeting these ICPs have improved clinical outcome in a number of patients with solid and hematological cancers. Nonetheless, some patients have no benefit from these ICP-blocking therapies. This observation has instigated research into alternative pathways that are responsible for the escape of cancer cells from anti-cancer immune responses. From this research, a number of molecules have emerged as promising therapeutic targets, including lymphocyte activating gene-3 (LAG-3), a next-generation ICP. We will review the current knowledge on the biological activity of LAG-3 and linked herewith its expression on activated immune cells. Moreover, we will discuss the prognostic value of LAG-3 and how LAG-3 expression in tumors can be monitored, which is an aspect that is of utmost importance, as the blockade of LAG-3 is actively pursued in clinical trials.
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