期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 21, 期 23, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239187
关键词
alpha-1-antitrypsin; AAT; SERPINA1; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; protease inhibitor; S-nitrosylation; glycosylation; oxidation; carbamylation; homocysteinylation
资金
- Polish National Science Centre [2015/17/B/NZ5/01370, 2018/29/B/NZ5/02346]
Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), an acute-phase protein encoded by the SERPINA1 gene, is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) superfamily. Its primary function is to protect tissues from enzymes released during inflammation, such as neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3. In addition to its antiprotease activity, AAT interacts with numerous other substances and has various functions, mainly arising from the conformational flexibility of normal variants of AAT. Therefore, AAT has diverse biological functions and plays a role in various pathophysiological processes. This review discusses major molecular forms of AAT, including complex, cleaved, glycosylated, oxidized, and S-nitrosylated forms, in terms of their origin and function.
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