期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
卷 22, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22030995
关键词
per; and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFAS; HFPO-DA; GenX; mass spectrometry; landfills; biomonitoring; biotransformation; immunotoxicity; carcinogenicity
资金
- NYSDOHWadsworth Center
- University at Albany, SUNY
- EPA STAR Grant [RD839610]
This article discusses the historical uses of PFAS, recent advances in analytical techniques for the analysis of these compounds, and the fate of PFAS in the environment. It evaluates current biomonitoring studies of human exposure to legacy and emerging PFAS and examines the associations of PFAS exposure with human health impacts, with a special focus on specific PFAS alternatives.
Due to their unique chemical properties, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used extensively as industrial surfactants and processing aids. While several types of PFAS have been voluntarily phased out by their manufacturers, these chemicals continue to be of ecological and public health concern due to their persistence in the environment and their presence in living organisms. Moreover, while the compounds referred to as legacy PFAS remain in the environment, alternative compounds have emerged as replacements for their legacy predecessors and are now detected in numerous matrices. In this review, we discuss the historical uses of PFAS, recent advances in analytical techniques for analysis of these compounds, and the fate of PFAS in the environment. In addition, we evaluate current biomonitoring studies of human exposure to legacy and emerging PFAS and examine the associations of PFAS exposure with human health impacts, including cancer- and non-cancer-related outcomes. Special focus is given to short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and ether-substituted, polyfluoroalkyl alternatives including hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA; tradename GenX), 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (DONA), and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroethersulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA; tradename F-53B).
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