Perfluorophenyl-Perfluorophenyl Stacking-Promoted Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement of Crystalline 5-Aryloxy-3H-Indole

Introduction of a perfluorophenyloxy group at the 5-position of 3,3-dibutyl-2-methyl-3H-indole efficiently promotes aggregation-induced emission enhancement in both the crystalline solid-state and in highly concentrated ethanolic solutions of the resultant analog. The phenomenon is attributed to aggregate formation, arising from perfluorophenyl-perfluorophenyl stacking between the 3H-indole units, the occurrence of which was deduced from single-crystal X-ray analysis of 3,3-dibutyl-5-perfluorophenyloxy-2-methyl-3H-indole.

Automated summary

The introduction of a perfluorophenyloxy group at the 5-position of 3,3-dibutyl-2-methyl-3H-indole efficiently enhances aggregation-induced emission in both the crystalline solid-state and in highly concentrated ethanolic solutions of the resultant analog. This phenomenon is attributed to aggregate formation due to perfluorophenyl-perfluorophenyl stacking between the 3H-indole units.