Pre-emptive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to support endobronchial stenting for severe airway obstruction

Tracheobronchial stent insertion is a common palliative intervention for the management of dynamic airway collapse due to severe tracheobronchomalacia or tracheal compression due to mass effect [1]. Airway stents are usually placed bronchoscopically with or without fluoroscopy. In more complex cases, airway stents are placed using a rigid bronchoscope under general anaesthesia with conventional or jet ventilation. In patients where advancement of a rigid bronchoscope into the distal airway or ventilation through a rigid bronchoscope may be difficult, pre-emptive awake veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be considered. This report is the first publication to describe a novel technique in a series of patients being treated for critical airway obstruction who would otherwise be at risk of respiratory arrest at the induction of anaesthesia.

Automated summary

Tracheobronchial stent insertion is a common palliative intervention for patients with severe tracheobronchomalacia or tracheal compression due to mass effect. The stents can be placed bronchoscopically or using a rigid bronchoscope under general anaesthesia. In complex cases, awake veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be considered for difficult airway access.