期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
卷 55, 期 3, 页码 1973-1983出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05924
关键词
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资金
- National Science Foundation U.S.-China INFEWS grant (NSF) [18-04453, 1744775]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC 51806243]
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
The combination of dark fermentation and hydrothermal liquefaction techniques in the DF-HTL process significantly increased biocrude oil yield and reduced aqueous byproduct yield, decreasing the environmental impact. However, it also raised the nitrogen content of the biocrude oil. The benefits of DF-HTL were attributed to increased acid content, H-2 as a processing gas, and enhancement of the Maillard reaction.
Algal bloom microalgae are abundant in polluted water systems, but their biocrude oil production potential via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is limited. This study proposed a novel process that combined biological (dark fermentation) and thermochemical (HTL) techniques aimed at changing the feedstock characteristics to be more suitable for thermochemical conversion, herein named integrated dark fermentation-hydrothermal liquefaction (DF-HTL). DF-HTL conversion of algae significantly enhanced the biocrude oil yield (wt %), carbon content (mol), energy content (MJ), and energy conversion ratios by 9.8, 29.7, 40.0, and 61.0%, respectively, in comparison to the control. Furthermore, DF-HTL processing significantly decreased the aqueous byproduct yield (wt %), carbon content (mol), nitrogen content (mol), and ammonia content (mol) by 19.0, 38.4, 25.0, and 13.2%, respectively, in comparison to the control. Therefore, DF-HTL reduced the environmental impact associated with disposing of the wastewater byproduct. However, DF-HTL also augmented the nitrogen content (mol) of the biocrude oil by 42.2% in comparison to the control. The benefits of DF-HTL were attributed to the increased acid content, the incorporation of H-2 as a processing gas, and the enhancement of the Maillard reaction, which shifted the distribution of reaction products from the aqueous phase to the biocrude oil phase. This article provides insights into the efficacy of a novel integrated biological-thermochemical processing method with distinct environmental and energetic advantages over conventional HTL that heightens the biocrude oil yield for feedstocks with a high carbohydrate and a high protein content.
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