期刊
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
卷 157, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103160
关键词
Cancer immunotherapy; Immune checkpoints blockade; CTLA-4; PD-1; PD-L1; Nano-particle
资金
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran)
Immunosurveillance mechanisms and immune checkpoints play crucial roles in the development and treatment of cancer. Immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have the potential to enhance cancer treatment, especially when combined with nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery to tumor sites.
Although immunosurveillance mechanisms are doing their best to counteract with the development of malignant cells, immune checkpoints may serve as the Achilles' heel that are exploited by malignant cells. Notably, a deep understanding of this fragile site of the immune system later led to the development of immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs). At the beginning of the discovery, it seemed that these agents could push the boundaries of cancer treatment, however, their life-threatening adverse events have muted the enthusiasm into their application in cancer. It was here that nanotechnology came to the aid of ICBs, as it became evident that the combination of nano-products with ICBs guarantees the delivery of the agents into the tumor nidus, where paralyzed immune cells are waiting for healing. In the present review, we tried to illustrate a new portrait from the befitting impacts of ICBs either as single or in a combined-modal strategy with nanoparticles.
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