An insight into the remediation of highly contaminated landfill leachate using sea mango based activated bio-char: optimization, isothermal and kinetic studies

The feasibility of converting sea mango to activated bio-char that can be used to remove organic and inorganic pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) from landfill leachate was investigated in the present study. The preparation conditions, temperature (400-800 degrees C), bio-char impregnation ratio with KOH (0.5-3), and retention time (1-3 h), were optimized using response surface methodology and subsequently analyzed with analysis of variance. Equilibrium data were best dealt with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the adsorptive removal of organic and inorganic pollutants onto sea mango-derived activated bio-char (SMAB) was thoroughly explained by the Langmuir isotherm model. The treatment conditions such as shaking speed, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and pH were also fine-tuned in order to optimize the overall treatment process. The highest adsorptive removal for color (95.1%), COD (84.94), and NH3-N (95.77) was achieved, respectively. The findings illustrated the applicability of SMAB as an ideal media for the adsorptive treatment of organic and inorganic pollutants from landfill leachate.