Assessing Methodologies to Synthesize α-Sulfenylated Carbonyl Compounds by Green Chemistry Metrics

alpha-Sulfenylated carbonyl compounds are important both as active pharmaceutical ingredients and as intermediates in organic synthesis. Owing to their relevance in synthetic organic chemistry, this Minireview focuses on assessing the most relevant synthetic procedures based on green chemistry metrics. The Minireview starts with the traditional routes and then focuses on more recently developed methodologies. These routes include sulfenylating reagents using organocatalysis, cross-dehydrogenative couplings using in situ halogenations to prevent reactive intermediates in high concentrations, oxidative couplings using terminal oxidants such as DDQ or TEMPO, and redox-neutral couplings using transition metal catalysis. These methodologies have been evaluated on the basis of atom economy, E factor, and the safety and toxicity of the transformations and the solvents used. Besides using green metrics to evaluate these novel methodologies, the synthetic utility is also assessed with regard to the availability of starting materials and the generality of the reactions. This Minireview aims to inspire researchers to apply green assessments to other methodologies and also for them to take measures to increase the greenness of their developed transformations.

Automated summary

This review evaluates the synthesis of alpha-sulfenylated carbonyl compounds based on green chemistry metrics, focusing on traditional routes as well as more recently developed methodologies. The assessment includes factors such as atom economy, E factor, safety, toxicity, and synthetic utility. The aim is to inspire researchers to apply green assessments to other methodologies and enhance the sustainability of their transformations.