期刊
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
卷 78, 期 5, 页码 2069-2079出版社
SPRINGER BASEL AG
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03692-8
关键词
Pituitary development; Induced pluripotent stem cell; Organoid culture; Developmental biology; Disease modeling
资金
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) [JP 18bm0804012h0002]
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [17K19684, 16H05332, 18K16232]
- Uehara Memorial Foundation
- Naito Foundation
- Centor for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA, The Fellowship Program of Development of Young Researchers)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [17K19684, 16H05332, 18K16232] Funding Source: KAKEN
The pituitary gland plays a crucial role in maintaining systemic homeostasis by secreting hormones, and its development is regulated by the expression of transcription and growth factors. Understanding of the developmental processes and mechanisms of human pituitary disorders is limited due to the lack of a human pituitary developmental model. Recently, methods for inducing pituitary glands from human pluripotent stem cells have been developed, providing new avenues for regenerative medicine and pituitary research.
The pituitary plays a pivotal role in maintaining systemic homeostasis by secreting several hormones. During fetal development, the pituitary develops from the oral ectoderm in contact with the adjacent hypothalamus. This process is regulated by the fine-tuned expression of transcription and growth factors. Impairments of this process result in congenital pituitary hypoplasia leading to dysfunction of the pituitary. Although animal models such as knockout mice have helped to clarify these underlying mechanisms, the developmental processes of the human pituitary gland and the mechanisms of human pituitary disorders have not been fully understood. This is because, at least in part, of the lack of a human pituitary developmental model. Recently, methods for in vitro induction of the pituitary gland from human pluripotent stem cells were developed. These models can be utilized not only for regenerative medicine but also for human pituitary studies on developmental biology and for modeling of pituitary disorders, such as hypopituitarism and pituitary tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of recent progress in the applications of pluripotent stem cells for pituitary research and discuss further perspectives for pituitary studies.
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