In vivo bone regeneration using a bioactive nanocomposite scaffold and human mesenchymal stem cells

Due to the osteoconductive role of bioceramics, use of these bioactive nanocomposite scaffolds that can maintain their structural integrity during bone tissue repair is one of the major goals of tissue engineering. Herein, a nanofibrous poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold was fabricated by electrospinning and then gelatin and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) were coated over the surface of the scaffold. Osteoconductivity of the fabricated nano-composite scaffolds was then studied while grafted on the rat calvarial defects. Our results indicated that the coating of PLLA scaffold with nHA and gelatin increased the adhesion and growth of the human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and also significantly increased the level of mineralization over a week culture period. The results of radiographic and histological studies showed that the newly created bone tissue at the defect site was significantly higher in animals treated with nanocomposite scaffolds than the empty scaffolds and control groups. This increase in the defect reconstruction was significantly increased after culturing BM-MSCs on the scaffolds, especially nanocomposite scaffolds. It can be concluded that the combination of nanocomposite scaffolds and BM-MSCs could be a very good candidate for treatment of bone lesions and could be considered as a bony bioimplant.

Automated summary

The study focuses on the use of bioceramics for bone tissue repair and the potential of nanocomposite scaffolds in combination with mesenchymal stem cells for enhancing bone regeneration. The results show that the nanocomposite scaffolds coated with hydroxyapatite and gelatin promote adhesion and mineralization of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells, leading to significant improvement in defect reconstruction. This combination could be a promising treatment for bone lesions and bioimplantation.