期刊
CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY
卷 50, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107278
关键词
COVID-19; Treatment; Prevention; Vaccine; Coronavirus
资金
- NIH, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute [NHLBI R01 HL132401, R01 HL151737, S10 OD018135]
- Leducq Foundation [14 CVD 03]
- Ewing Halsell Foundation
- George and Mary Josephine Hamman Foundation
- TexGen Fund from Greater Houston Community Foundation
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, and scientists have been able to develop therapies and vaccines based on previous research on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. By studying the structure and proteins of SARS-CoV-2, researchers have successfully developed vaccines and antiviral therapies for COVID-19.
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to two other coronaviruses that caused disease epidemic break-outs in humans in the last 2 decades, namely, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The similarities have enabled the scientists to apply the basic scientific discoveries garnered from studying the structure and modus operandi of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to develop therapies that specifically target SARS-CoV-2 and to develop vaccines to prevent COVID-19. Targeted therapies including the use of antibodies to prevent virus entry, nucleotide analogues to prevent viral replication, and inhibitors of proteases to prevent virion formation, among others, are being tested for their clinical efficacy. Likewise, complete sequencing of the SARS-CoV-2 and identification of its structural and nonstructural proteins have enabled development of RNA-, DNA-, and peptide-based vaccines as well attenuated viral vaccines to instigate the host-immune responses. The clinical impacts of the basic science discoveries are amply evident on the rapid pace of progress in developing specific antiviral therapies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The progress emphasizes the merit of discovering the fundamental scientific elements, regardless of whether or not they have apparent or immediate clinical applications. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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