期刊
CANCER LETTERS
卷 497, 期 -, 页码 89-99出版社
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.002
关键词
Long noncoding RNA; Circular RNA; Ribosome sequencing; IRES; ORF; m6A
类别
资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81802465, 81874196]
- Science and Technology Foundation of Chongqing [cstc2017jcyjAX0421]
This article summarizes the importance of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their encoded peptides/proteins in cancer research, introduces the methods, tools, and databases for identifying and validating these peptides/proteins, and discusses the future application prospects and challenges.
The human genome contains thousands of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are thought to lack open reading frames (ORFs) and cannot be translated. Some ncRNAs reportedly have important functions, including epigenetic regulation, chromatin remolding, protein modification, and RNA degradation, but the functions of most ncRNAs remain elusive. Through the application and development of ribosome profiling and sequencing technologies, an increasing number of studies have discovered the translation of ncRNAs. Although ncRNAs were initially defined as noncoding RNAs, a number of ncRNAs actually contain ORFs that are translated into peptides. Here, we summarize the available methods, tools, and databases for identifying and validating ncRNA-encoded peptides/proteins, and the recent findings regarding ncRNA-encoded small peptides/proteins in cancer are compiled and synthesized. Importantly, the role of ncRNA-encoding peptides/proteins has application prospects in cancer research, but some potential challenges remain unresolved. The aim of this review is to provide a theoretical basis that might promote the discovery of more peptides/proteins encoded by ncRNAs and aid the further development of novel diagnostic and prognostic cancer markers and therapeutic targets.
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