Effect of a moderate dose of fructose in solid foods on TAG, glucose and uric acid before and after a 1-month moderate sugar-feeding period

There are few data on the effects on TAG, glucose and uric acid of chronic consumption of a moderate dose of fructose in solid foods. Twenty-eight participants with prediabetes and/or obesity and overweight commenced the study (BMI 32 center dot 3 kg/m(2), age 44 center dot 7 years, fasting glucose 5 center dot 3 (sd 0 center dot 89) mmol/l and 2-h glucose 6 center dot 6 (sd 1 center dot 8) mmol/l). Twenty-four men and women who completed the study consumed, in random order, two acute test meals of muffins sweetened with either fructose or sucrose. This was followed by 4-week chronic consumption of 42 g/d of either fructose or sucrose in low-fat muffins after which the two meal tests were repeated. The sugar type in the chronic feeding period was also randomised. Fasting TAG increased after chronic consumption of fructose by 0 center dot 31 (sd 0 center dot 37) mmol/l compared with sucrose in those participants with impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (P = 0 center dot 004). Total cholesterol (0 center dot 33 mmol/l), LDL-cholesterol (0 center dot 24 mmol/l) and HDL-cholesterol (0 center dot 08 mmol/l) increased significantly over the 1- month feeding period with no differences between muffin types. Fasting glucose was not different after 1 month of muffin consumption. Uric acid response was not different between the two sugar types either baseline or 1 month, and there were no differences between baseline and 1 month. The increase in fasting TAG in participants with IFG/IGT suggests the need for caution in people at increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Automated summary

The chronic consumption of moderate doses of fructose in solid foods had effects on triglycerides, glucose, and uric acid levels. The increase in fasting TAG levels in participants with IFG/IGT suggests caution for those at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Other lipid profiles and glucose levels did not significantly differ between fructose and sucrose consumption over a 1-month period.