A prognostic index for extranodal marginal-zone lymphoma based on the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue International Prognostic Index and serum β2-microglobulin levels

The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) International Prognostic Index (IPI) was recently proposed as a prognostic index for patients with MALT lymphoma. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the serum beta 2-microglobulin level in the context of MALT-IPI, and we proposed a new prognostic index. Survival outcomes were analysed with regard to beta 2-microglobulin level, MALT-IPI, and the new prognostic index in MALT lymphoma patients (n = 571). The validity of the new prognostic index was assessed using an independent cohort (n = 216). Patients with high beta 2-microglobulin levels had significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) outcomes. A high beta 2-microglobulin level was independently associated with poor PFS and OS. beta 2-microglobulin levels further stratified patients in the MALT-IPI intermediate-risk group in terms of PFS and OS. A new prognostic index based on the MALT-IPI and the beta 2-microglobulin level, MALT-IPI-B, was proposed. The MALT-IPI-B was able to stratify patients into subgroups having distinct PFS and OS outcomes in both the training and validation cohorts. MALT-IPI-B enabled the identification of patients with poor survival outcomes who were classified into the intermediate-risk group by the MALT-IPI. In conclusion, this new beta 2-microglobulin-based prognostic index may have the specific advantage of identifying high-risk patients who may require systemic treatment.

Automated summary

The study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serum beta 2-microglobulin levels in MALT lymphoma patients, proposing a new prognostic index (MALT-IPI-B) based on both MALT-IPI and beta 2-microglobulin levels. High beta 2-microglobulin levels were independently associated with poorer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and the new index successfully stratified patients into subgroups with distinct PFS and OS outcomes. MALT-IPI-B was able to identify high-risk patients who may require systemic treatment, providing a specific advantage in patient management.