Detection of simulated periodontal defects using cone-beam CT and digital intraoral radiography

Objectives: This study sought to assess the diagnostic value of CBCT and digital intraoral radiography for the detection of periodontal defects in the sheep mandible. Methods: In this in vitro study, 80 periodontal defects including Grades I, II and III furcation involvements, one-, two-, three-wall and trough-like infrabony defects, fenestration and dehiscence were artificially created in the sheep mandible by burr. Intraoral digital radiographs using photostimulable phosphor plates and CBCT scans were obtained. Three periodontists evaluated the images for the presence and type of defects. The results were compared with the gold standard (photographs of the created defects). Results: CBCT scans were significantly superior to digital radiographs for the detection of Grade I furcation involvements, three-wall defects, fenestrations and dehiscence (p < 0.05). No significant difference was noted between CBCT and digital radiography for the detection of Grades II and III furcation involvements, one-wall, two-wall and trough-like defects (p-value > 0.05). Conclusions: CBCT was superior to digital intraoral radiography for the detection of Grade I furcation involvements, three-wall defects, dehiscence and fenestrations.