Cyanine mitochondrial dye with slightly selective cytotoxicity against A549 cancerous cells

Delocalized lipophilic cations (DLCs) are known as mitochondria-addressed molecules. Mitochondria targeting may provide opportunities for tumor detection. DLCs may have antioxidant or anticancer properties. In this study, we focused on the toxicity and localization of 2-[(E)-2-(5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethenyl]-1,6-dimethylpyridin-1-ium iodide (62E2), which has recently been found as a novel cytotoxic fluorescent compound. The excitation maximum of 62E2 is 452 +/- 10 nm and its emission maximum is 579 +/- 10 nm. It is accumulated in the cells and stains mitochondria in nanomolar concentrations. 62E2 is cytotoxic and mitotoxic in low micromolar concentrations, and it demonstrates some selectivity of cytotoxicity against A549 cancer cells. The closest analog of 62E2 is F16, which is the fluorescent mitotoxic agent that has been described earlier as a potential anticancer agent. We hope that 62E2 described here is useful in expanding the diversity of cyanine fluorescent mitochondrial dyes and the analysis of their structure-activity relationships.

Automated summary

Delocalized lipophilic cations (DLCs) are molecules known to target mitochondria and may have antioxidant or anticancer properties. The novel cytotoxic fluorescent compound 62E2 exhibits cytotoxic and mitotoxic effects at low concentrations, with some selectivity against A549 cancer cells. Its closest analog, F16, has also been described as a potential anticancer agent.