期刊
ANNALS OF PHYSICS
卷 424, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.aop.2020.168360
关键词
Fracton phases; Higher symmetry
资金
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES) [DE-SC0014415]
- NDSEG, USA program
- Simons Investigator award from the Simons Foundation, USA
- Simons Collaboration on Ultra-Quantum Matter from the Simons Foundation, USA [651440]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0014415] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
This study investigates p-string condensation mechanisms for fracton phases from the perspective of higher-form symmetry, focusing on the X-cube model and the rank-two symmetric-tensor U(1) scalar charge theory. By discussing higher-form symmetry in lattice models in terms of cellular homology, unique 1-form symmetries specific to the X-cube model and the scalar charge theory are identified. These symmetries differ from standard 1-form symmetries typically found in relativistic quantum field theory, offering insights into interpreting p-string condensation and related symmetry gauging constructions through the lens of higher-form symmetry.
We study p-string condensation mechanisms for fracton phases from the viewpoint of higher-form symmetry, focusing on the examples of the X-cube model and the rank-two symmetric-tensor U(1) scalar charge theory. This work is motivated by questions of the relationship between fracton phases and continuum quantum field theories, and also provides general principles to describe p-string condensation independent of specific lattice model constructions. We give a perspective on higher-form symmetry in lattice models in terms of cellular homology. Applying this perspective to the coupled-layer construction of the X-cube model, we identify a foliated 1-form symmetry that is broken in the X-cube phase, but preserved in the phase of decoupled toric code layers. Similar considerations for the scalar charge theory lead to a framed 1-form symmetry. These symmetries are distinct from standard 1-form symmetries that arise, for instance, in relativistic quantum field theory. We also give a general discussion on interpreting p-string condensation, and related constructions involving gauging of symmetry, in terms of higher-form symmetry. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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