期刊
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
卷 60, 期 7, 页码 3661-3671出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012005
关键词
carbonate electrolytes; dendrite-free structures; electrode interphases; lithium-metal batteries; lithium nitrate
资金
- Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) through Battery500 Consortium [DE-EE0008202]
- Maryland NanoCenter and its AIMLab
In this study, an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) was designed on the Li-metal surface in carbonate electrolytes to reduce the bonding energy with Li metal, enabling high Li plating/stripping efficiency and cycling performance. The weak bonding of the SEI to Li promotes Li diffusion and prevents Li dendrite penetration, resulting in a high Coulombic efficiency during cycling.
In carbonate electrolytes, the organic-inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the Li-metal anode surface is strongly bonded to Li and experiences the same volume change as Li, thus it undergoes continuous cracking/reformation during plating/stripping cycles. Here, an inorganic-rich SEI is designed on a Li-metal surface to reduce its bonding energy with Li metal by dissolving 4m concentrated LiNO3 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an additive for a fluoroethylene-carbonate (FEC)-based electrolyte. Due to the aggregate structure of NO3- ions and their participation in the primary Li+ solvation sheath, abundant Li2O, Li3N, and LiNxOy grains are formed in the resulting SEI, in addition to the uniform LiF distribution from the reduction of PF6- ions. The weak bonding of the SEI (high interface energy) to Li can effectively promote Li diffusion along the SEI/Li interface and prevent Li dendrite penetration into the SEI. As a result, our designed carbonate electrolyte enables a Li anode to achieve a high Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency of 99.55 % (1 mA cm(-2), 1.0 mAh cm(-2)) and the electrolyte also enables a Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC811) full cell (2.5 mAh cm(-2)) to retain 75 % of its initial capacity after 200 cycles with an outstanding CE of 99.83 %.
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