Robust and Large-Area Calix[4]pyrrole-Based Nanofilms Enabled by Air/DMSO Interfacial Self-Assembly-Confined Synthesis

The modular construction of defect-free nanofilms with a large area remains a challenge. Herein, we present a scalable strategy for the preparation of calix[4]pyrrole (C[4]P)-based nanofilms through acryl hydrazone reaction conducted in a tetrahydrazide calix[4]pyrrole (CPTH)-based self-assembled layer at the air/DMSO interface. With this strategy, robust, regenerable, and defect-free nanofilms with an exceptionally large area (similar to 750 cm(2)) were constructed. The thickness and permeability of the film systems can be fine-tuned by varying the precursor concentration or by changing another building block. A typical nanofilm (C[4]P-TFB, similar to 67 nm) depicted high water flux (39.9 L m(2) h(-1) under 1 M Na2SO4), narrow molecular weight cut-off value (similar to 200 Da), and promising antifouling properties in the forward osmosis (FO) process. In addition, the nanofilms are stable over a wide pH range and tolerable to different organic solvents. Interestingly, the introduction of C[4]P endowed the nanofilms with both outstanding mechanical properties and unique group-selective separation capability, laying the foundation for wastewater treatment and pharmaceutical concentration.

Automated summary

The study presents a scalable strategy for manufacturing defect-free nanofilms with a large area, showcasing high water flux and antifouling properties. These nanofilms exhibit promising applications in wastewater treatment and pharmaceutical concentration due to their outstanding mechanical properties and unique group-selective separation capability.