期刊
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
卷 8, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2020.00181
关键词
balsa wood; lignin macromolecules; structural characterization; native lignin; 2D-HSQC NMR
资金
- Beijing Forestry University Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project [2019JQ03006]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31872698]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2019YFB1503801]
Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biomacromolecule on the earth, which is an attractive raw material for producing bio-based chemicals, materials, and fuels. However, the complexity, heterogeneity, and variability of the lignin structure always hinders the value-added application of different sources of raw materials. In this study, double enzymatic lignin (DEL) was isolated from balsa grown for different lengths of time to understand the structural variations of lignin macromolecules during the growth of balsa for the first time. Confocal Raman microscopy and component analysis were used to monitor the lignin accumulation in balsa. Meanwhile, the structural characteristics and chemical reactivity of DELs were synthetically characterized by advanced 2D-HSQC and(31)P-NMR techniques. It was found that the balsa lignin is a typical hardwood lignin and it is overwhelmingly composed of C-O bonds (i.e., beta-O-4 linkages), whose content is elevated with increasing tree-age. Interestingly, carbon-carbon linkages (e.g., beta-beta and beta-5) in these DELs isolated from 3-and 5-year-old balsa are gradually disappearing. Considering the increasing molecular weight of DELs with tree-age, it was concluded that lignin macromolecules in balsa wood were gradually polymerized within the growth period. Furthermore, abundant C-O linkages with less C-C linkages in the DELs from 3 and 5-year-old balsa wood suggested that these feedstocks are promising in current lignin-first biorefinery and will facilitate the conversion of aromatic chemicals from the lignin macromolecule. In short, a comprehensive understanding of native lignin during the growth of balsa wood will not only advance the understanding of biosynthetic pathways of lignin biopolymer, but also facilitate the deconstruction and value-added applications of this kind of feedstock.
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